[FREE] Practice It Java Washington Answers
Thank you for your understanding and helping us to keep this service free of cost for all students to use. Note: If you are seeing this message but aren't running an ad blocker or have disabled your ad blocker: Try clearing your browser history and refreshing the page. Make sure you don't have any other ad-blocking software running outside of your browser, such as a HOSTS file or proxy. If you are using a school computer network: Many high schools have "proxy" software that blocks ads at the entire school level.
Files related to Practice It Java Washington Answers
Preparation Materials
Object-oriented programming looks at a program as a group of interacting entities named objects that each keep track of related data and behavior. An object is an entity that encapsulates data and behavior that operates on the data. A class is the blueprint for a type of object, specifying what data and behavior the object will have and how to construct it. The state of a String object is its sequence of characters which are actually stored internally as an array of char values. A String object's behavior includes its methods, such as length, substring, toUpperCase, and indexOf.
CSE 142, Spring 2021: Home_Temp
Output of ReferenceMystery3 program: 14 14 7 9 14 2 18 18 7 9 14 18 The state of a Calculator object might include the number that has just been computed, as well as another number that is currently being input. A more complex Calculator object might also include a memory feature that stores an additional value. The behavior of a Calculator object might include methods to add, subtract, multiply, divide, and perhaps carryout other math operations such as exponentiation, logarithms, and trigonometric functions like sine and cosine. A field is a variable that exists inside of an object. A parameter is a variable inside a method whose value is passed in from outside. Fields have different syntax because they are usually declared with the private keyword and not in a method's header. A field's scope is throughout the class, while a parameter's scope is limited to the method.
PRACTICE IT ANSWERS 4TH EDITION EXERCISE
Accessors' names often begin with "get" or "is", while mutators' names often begin with "set". Correct syntax for calling computeInterest method on a BankAccount object: d. The println statement is equivalent to the following: c. It's the method that is called when you use the new keyword. A constructor is declared without a return type. Two errors with the Point constructor: The constructor shouldn't have the void keyword in its header, because constructors have no return type. This bug causes shadowing of the fields. It is used to access or set the object's field values, to call the object's methods, or to call one constructor from another. Objects provide abstraction by giving us more powerful pieces of data that have sophisticated behavior without having to manage and manipulate the data directly.
Educator Resources for Advanced Placement Computer Science A
Items declared public may be seen and used from any class. Items declared private may be seen and used only from within their own classes. Objects' fields should be declared private to provide encapsulation, so that external code can't make unwanted direct modifications to the fields' values. To access private fields, create accessor methods that return their values. For example, add a getName method to access the name field of an object. When a class is encapsulated clients cannot directly access its fields, so changing those fields will not disturb client behavior as long as the external view method behavior is consistent.
Java online test, online practice test, exam, quiz
Cohesion is the concept of how well a class's contents go together. You can tell that a class is cohesive when each of its fields stores important state related to the object and each method interacts with that state in some way to produce useful behavior. Inheritance is useful for code reuse because it allows you to write a class that captures common useful code and then extend that class to add more features and behavior to it. Overloading a method involves creating two methods in the same class that have the same name but different parameters. Overriding a method involves creating a new version of an inherited method in a subclass, with identical parameters but new behavior to replace the old.
Practice It Java Washington Answers
Correct syntax to indicate that class A is a subclass of B: a. Use the super keyword when calling a method or constructor from the superclass that you've overridden, and use the this keyword when accessing your object's own fields, constructors, and methods. UndergraduateStudent can call the setAge method but cannot directly access the name or age fields from Student. A has-a relationship is when one object contains a reference to another as a field.
Practice-It
Having Square extend Rectangle is a poor design because a Square cannot substitute for a Rectangle. If the client thinks the Square is a Rectangle and calls setWidth or setHeight on it, unexpected results will occur. The client will expect the width and height to be different after the call, but they may not be. Having each of the 52 playing cards in its own class is not a good design because it will result in a clutter of code files without significant differences between them. A better design would have one Card class with fields for rank and suit. We made DividendStock a separate subclass from Stock for two major reasons. First, not all stocks pay dividends, so it does not make sense for every Stock object to have a dividends field and a payDividend method. Second, the Stock code already worked correctly, so we did not want to tamper with it needlessly. Making DividendStock a separate class constituted an additive and noninvasive change. Extending a class causes your class to inherit all methods and data from that class.
Looking for other ways to read this?
Implementing an interface forces you to write your own code to implement all the methods in that interface. The code for class C must contain implementations of the methods m1 and m2 to compile correctly, because C claims to implement the I interface. What's wrong is that interfaces can't declare fields or write bodies for methods. The following is a correct Colored interface: import java. It's like a normal class in that it can have fields, methods, constructors, and so on. It's different from a normal class in that it can have abstract methods, which are like methods of an interface because only their headers are given, not their bodies.
Subscribe to RSS
It's also different from a normal class because it can't be instantiated used to create objects. You can be sure that the OrderedByLength class contains a getElement method and that it implements the arrange method, because if it extends Ordered without being abstract itself, it must have that method in order to compile. One good design would be to have an abstract superclass named Movie with data such as name, director, and date. There would be subclasses of Movie to represent particular movie types, such as Drama, Comedy, and Documentary. Each subclass would store its specific data and behavior. Chapter 10 An ArrayList is a structure that stores a collection of objects inside itself as elements. Each element is associated with an integer index starting from 0.
The incredibly easy, incredibly engaging Q&A platform
You should use an ArrayList instead of an array if you don't know how many elements you'll need in advance, or if you plan to add items to or remove items from the middle of your dataset. Correct syntax to construct an ArrayList to store integers: e. Code to insert two additional elements, "dark" and "and", at the proper places: list. The code doesn't compile because primitives cannot be specified as type parameters for generic types. The solution is to use the "wrapper" type Integer instead of int. An Integer is an object that holds an int value. Wrappers are useful in that they allow primitive values to be stored into collections. Output produced when the mystery1 method is passed each list: [1, 2, 6, 8] [10, 30, 40, 20, 60, 50] [-4, 1, 25, 4, 16, 9, 64, 36, 49] Output produced when the mystery2 method is passed each list: [20, 10, 20, 30, 30, 20] [8, 7, 8, 2, 9, 7, 4, 4, 2, 8] [33, 28, 33, -1, 3, 28, 17, 9, 33, 17, -1, 33] Output produced when the mystery3 method is passed each list: [72, 20] [1, 20, 18, 15, 11, 6] [10, 90, 70, 40] Output produced when the mystery4 method is passed each list: [31, 21, 11].
PRACTICE IT WASHINGTON ANSWERS JAVA
Consider the code below that uses these classes. Write each line of its output in the boxes at right. You should solve this problem in Practice-It! Exercise : isAllEven Write a method called isAllEven that takes an array of integers as a parameter and that returns whether or not all of the values are even numbers true for yes, false for no. Exercise : longestSortedSequence Write a method called longestSortedSequence that accepts an array of integers as a parameter and that returns the length of the longest sorted nondecreasing sequence of integers in the array. The method returns how many days away the Date object is from Christmas, December 25, in the same year. For example, Nov. Exercise : Hyena Write a class Hyena that extends the Critter class, along with its movement behavior. All unspecified aspects of Hyena use the default behavior.
CS Professional Suite®
Each time the hyena walks an entire rectangle, it starts the rectangle pattern over again but with a rectangle 1 step wider than before. Exercise : Hyena revisited Modify your Hyena class from the previous problem to add eating behavior. If the hyena encounters food at any point during its movement pattern, it eats the food and starts the pattern over, lengthening the rectangular pattern by 1 in the process. Exercise : Expressions For each expression in the left-hand column, indicate its value in the right-hand column. Be sure to list a constant of appropriate type e.
Java Programming Self-Assessment
The other comes from research on polygraph testing itself. Polygraph Test Techniques Although the polygraph instrument is the centerpiece of the technique, the ability of the polygraph test to detect deception also depends critically on other elements of the process. One is the interpretation of the polygraph chart. People other than the examiner may also use such a protocol to code a chart. Chart interpretation can also be done by computer. Different polygraph techniques are defined in part by the ways the relevant and comparison questions are selected and placed in a polygraph test.
University of Washington, CSE 142
A considerable portion of the empirical research on polygraph testing focuses on validating particular techniques or comparing the performance of one technique with another. Three major classes of questioning techniques are in current use. Although this technique has numerous limitations from a scientific standpoint Raskin and Honts, , it is used in criminal investigations and in some federal employee security screening programs, for instance, at the National Security Agency. The second class of techniques, called control question or comparison question testing, compares responses to relevant questions with responses to other questions that are intended to generate physiological reactions even in nondeceptive examinees.
Placement Exams
For truthful examinees, this level of concern is presumed to be higher than for the relevant questions, about Page 15 Share Cite Suggested Citation:"1 Lie Detection and the Polygraph. The Polygraph and Lie Detection. For examinees who may be deceptive about the events under investigation, it is presumed that the relevant questions create the greater level of concern and therefore a stronger physiological response. Comparison question tests are used both for specific-event investigations and for screening. The third class of techniques, commonly called guilty knowledge polygraph testing, involves questions about details of an event under investigation that are known only to investigators and those with direct knowledge of the event.
Answers to java parctice it questions?
We refer to these tests as concealed information tests because they are applicable even when an examinee who possesses information is not guilty and even if the information is incorrect. The questions are presented in a multiple-choice format. Was it a: 1 front entrance? If an examinee who denies knowledge of the event shows the strongest physiological response in several such sets of questions to the alternative that accurately describes the event, the examinee is concluded to have concealed information. Because this test format requires that the examiner have knowledge of the details of a specific event that is the topic of questioning, it cannot be used in typical security screening contexts. Appendix A provides brief descriptions of these basic polygraph questioning techniques and some of their variants. More detail is available from several sources, including the recent Handbook of Polygraph Testing Kleiner, ; especially chapters by Raskin and Honts, Nakayama, and Ben-Shakhar and Elaad.
Building Java Programs: A Back to Basics Approach, by Stuart Reges and Marty Stepp
Appendix B provides more detail on how security screening polygraph examinations are conducted in the U. Department of Energy and other federal agencies. We return to these differences in Chapter 3. In many applications, examiners take a stronger response than to comparison questions as an indication not necessarily of deception, but of the need for further interviewing or testing to determine whether deception is occurring.
Practice-It, a web-based practice problem tool for computer science students
The lack of such a differential response or a stronger response to comparison questions generally leads to a conclusion that a respondent is being truthful. A critical one, particularly in comparison question tests, is the pretest interview. This interview typically has multiple purposes. It explains the test procedure to the examinee. It explains the questions to be asked so that examiners and examinees understand the questions in the same way.
Java Training in Washington
It may be used to convince the examinee that the polygraph instrument will detect any deception. These impressions, as well as any expectations the examiner may have formed in advance of the examination, are likely to affect the conduct and interpretation of the examination and might, therefore, influence the outcome and the validity of the polygraph examination. Overall Examination A polygraph test and its result are a joint product of an interview or interrogation technique and a psychophysiological measurement or testing technique. It is misleading to characterize the examination as purely a physiological measurement technique.
filter strings to display three letters from the ArrayList in java - Stack Overflow
It provides instruction on the kind of atmosphere that is to be created in the pretest interview, advises on techniques for convincing examinees of the accuracy of the test, and offers guidance in different ways for different test formats for selecting comparison questions. Polygraph examination procedures often explicitly combine and interweave testing and interviewing. When a polygraph chart indicates something other than an ordinary nondeceptive response to a relevant question, the examiner typically pursues this response with questioning during the course of the examination.
Java Programming Self-Assessment | UW Tacoma
The interview may reveal a misunderstanding of the question, which is then explained and reasked in a subsequent charting. Some examiners believe that an important use of polygraph testing is in helping narrow the range of issues that need to be investigated, using both polygraph and other investigative tools. The important role of interview conditions is also recognized in much of the practice and lore of polygraph testing. When interviewers are hostile or aggressive, examinees may be less relaxed and may produce different physiological responses than those they would produce in response to calm, friendly questioning. These situational effects represent a challenge to the validity of any physiological test that does not adequately reduce the influence of variations in the interview situation on the physiological responses being measured or separate the effects of the situation from the effects of the condition such as deception that the test is intended to measure. Comparison questions are also used to separate situational effects from the effects of deception by statistical means.
Do while loop practice problems java
Whether these procedures in fact have the desired effects is an empirical question, which is explored in this book. The polygraph, perhaps more than any other apparently humane interrogation technique, arouses strong emotions. There is a mystique surrounding the polygraph that may account for much of its usefulness: that is, a culturally shared belief that the polygraph device is nearly infallible. Practitioners believe that criminals sometimes prefer to admit their crimes and that potential spies sometimes avoid certain job positions rather than face a polygraph examination, which they expect will reveal the truth about them. The mystique shows in other ways, too. In popular culture and media, the polygraph device is often represented as a magic mind-reading machine.
Java Developer Junior $75,000 jobs
These facts reflect the widespread mystique or belief that the polygraph test is a highly valid technique for detecting deception—despite the continuing lack of consensus in the scientific community about the validity of polygraph testing. Ritualized Lie Detection Across Cultures Ritualized lie detection techniques in many groups, societies, and cultures through the ages share several characteristics that help create a mystique that enables the techniques to be effective. Lie detection rituals involve a socially certified administrator an examiner or interrogator and some device or procedure that purportedly can objectively and publicly identify lying on the part of the examinee. The administrator—in some cultures, a priest or shaman—has completed a secret or semi-secret training process. The keeping of the secrets of the ritual within a small, select group adds to the mystique e.
Finding answers to your Practice CS questions
The examinee, as a member of the society or culture, generally accepts the importance of the lie detection ritual and believes that it is very accurate. Hence, if he or she is telling the truth, there is little or no reason to fear the examination, but if he or she is lying, there is reason to fear it. Many procedures and techniques have been used in lie detection rituals, including ones that in our society would Page 19 Share Cite Suggested Citation:"1 Lie Detection and the Polygraph. Despite the lack of scientific evidence supporting the validity of such techniques, they apparently are useful, as judged by their ability to elicit confessions of truths that are not forthcoming when other methods are used.
java short assignment
Some or all of this usefulness is attributed to mystique—the systems of beliefs that surround and support the techniques. The polygraph testing procedures currently used in the criminal justice system and in several government agencies in the United States and other countries fit this prototype ritual. A polygraph examiner subculture exists, complete with its own institutions e. Examiners are trained and certified expert by various training institutes, including some private ones and, importantly, by the U. Department of Defense Polygraph Institute. Members of the polygraph examiner culture have a particular jargon and shared lore that are generally unknown to others. The polygraph device or instrument is purported to have the power to discriminate lies from truths in the hands of a certified and experienced examiner.
GitHub - mirandaio/practice-it: Solutions to Practice-It problems
The polygraph examination follows standardized, ritual-like procedures and usually occurs in a setting designed to evoke associations with science, medicine, or law enforcement, institutions whose certified practitioners are believed to have special powers to uncover truths. Claims that polygraph testing is a scientific method, together with the establishment of research programs to improve polygraph testing, are useful for building credibility in a society that confers credibility on scientific activities. Moreover, potential examinees are assumed to believe in the validity of polygraph testing, and its validity is supported by popular culture. These similarities between current polygraph detection of deception procedures and the lie detection rituals of other and former cultures say nothing directly about the validity or invalidity of the polygraph testing for distinguishing truth from deception. They do, however, suggest that some of the value or utility of the polygraph for eliciting admissions and confessions undoubtedly comes from attributes other than the validity of the testing itself.
Information Management and Big Data: 5th International Conference, SIMBig - Google книги
Polygraph testing may work, in part, because it capitalizes on the mystique that is common to lie-detection rituals in many societies. Any investigation into the scientific validity of polygraph detection of deception must try to identify and distinguish between two kinds of scientific evidence: evidence bearing on the effects of the polygraph ritual and mystique and evidence bearing on the validity of polygraph testing and the polygraph device for detecting deception. One of these is the difficulty of gaining access to information. Some information of interest to this study, such as the polygraph test records of known spies, is classified for national security reasons. Other information, such as the precise ways particular pieces of polygraph equipment measure physiological responses, is guarded by equipment manufacturers as trade secrets. Some manufacturers ignored our requests for such information, even though we offered to sign legally binding promises of nondisclosure.
Practice It Washington Answers Java - 03/
Information about computer scoring algorithms for polygraph tests was similarly withheld by some algorithm developers. All of this behavior makes scientific analysis difficult. Another aspect of the polygraph mystique that creates difficulties for scientific analysis is the strong, apparently unshakeable, beliefs of many practitioners in its efficacy on the basis of their experiences. We have heard numerous anecdotes about admissions of serious crimes and security violations that have been elicited in polygraph examinations even after background checks and ordinary interviews had yielded nothing.
Do while loop practice problems java
Many of these admissions have been later corroborated by other convincing evidence, indicating that the polygraph examination sometimes reveals truths that might otherwise have remained concealed indefinitely. We do not doubt the veracity of these anecdotes. However, they do not constitute evidence that the polygraph instrument conveys information that, in the context of the polygraph test, accurately identifies the locus of deception. Rather, they signify that something in the polygraph examination can have this result. From a scientific standpoint, these anecdotes are compelling indications that there is a phenomenon in need of explanation; they do not, however, demonstrate that the polygraph test is a valid indicator of deception. Practical Implications From a practical standpoint, it can make a considerable difference whether decisions that rely on polygraph evidence are resting on a scientifically proven device and procedures that is, on the test , on the judgments of examiners, or on the expectation that guilty examinees will be sufficiently fearful of detection to confess.
No comments:
Post a Comment